Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the S phase in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication, resulting in duplicated chromosomes

Question 2

A human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis and cytokinesis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell contain?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 3

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before proceeding with division?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase checkpoint

Question 4

What is the role of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in the regulation of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They regulate progression through cell cycle checkpoints

Question 5

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes for the same traits at the same loci

Question 6

A karyotype can be used to determine all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The specific DNA sequence of a gene

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why cancer can result from a malfunction in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Cancer involves a loss of control over cell cycle checkpoints, allowing uncontrolled division

Question 8

Which of the following is a difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, while sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity

Question 9

During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell double its cytoplasmic components and prepare for division?

Accepted Answer

G$$_2$$ phase

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structure of a duplicated chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Two sister chromatids joined at a centromere

Question 11

If a dog has a diploid chromosome number of $$78$$, how many chromosomes are present in a dog gamete?

Accepted Answer

$$39$$

Question 12

Which of the following modifications to histone proteins would most likely increase gene transcription?

Accepted Answer

Acetylation of histone tails

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the G$$_0$$ phase of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Cells in G$$_0$$ are in a resting state and not preparing to divide

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is DNA with associated proteins in a relaxed form, while chromosomes are condensed forms of chromatin

Question 15

A mutation causes a cell to skip the S phase of the cell cycle. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will not replicate its DNA and cannot properly divide

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Growth, repair, and cell replacement

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why homologous chromosomes are not identical?

Accepted Answer

They may have different alleles for the same gene

Question 18

Which of the following is checked at the G$$_1$$ checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Nutrients, growth factors, and DNA damage

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the chromosome number by half, forming gametes

Question 20

A cell is observed to have tightly packed chromatin and low levels of gene transcription. Which type of chromatin is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Heterochromatin

Cell Division and the Cell Cycle: Structure, Function, and Regulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions