Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic DNA is circular and found in the cytoplasm, while eukaryotic DNA is linear and found in the nucleus.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A karyotype is most useful for determining which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The total number and structure of chromosomes in an individual

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis results in two diploid cells, while meiosis results in four haploid cells.

Question 5

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is responsible for ensuring that DNA has been accurately replicated before mitosis begins?

Accepted Answer

G2 checkpoint

Question 6

What is the primary consequence if a cell fails to undergo apoptosis after accumulating irreparable DNA damage?

Accepted Answer

The cell may continue to divide uncontrollably, potentially leading to cancer.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

It involves crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis.

Question 8

A cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 9

Which chromosomal mutation involves a segment of one chromosome being inserted into a different chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Insertion

Question 10

What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

Half of the daughter cells are aneuploid, and half are normal.

Question 11

Which process is illustrated by the splitting of an amoeba into two genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They attach to chromosomes and help separate sister chromatids.

Question 13

A patient’s karyotype shows three copies of chromosome 21. What condition does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Question 14

Which of the following is a consequence of the lytic cycle in viral reproduction?

Accepted Answer

The host cell is destroyed as new viruses are released.

Question 15

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes lining up along the equatorial plate of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 16

Why are chromosomal mutations that occur in gametes more significant than those in somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

They can be inherited by the next generation, potentially causing genetic disorders.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of angiogenesis in cancer?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells trigger the growth of new blood vessels to supply nutrients and oxygen.

Question 18

Which of the following events occurs during Prophase I of meiosis but not during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs.

Question 19

A cell is observed under a microscope with chromosomes being pulled apart toward opposite poles. Which phase is this?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why asexual reproduction can be disadvantageous for a population?

Accepted Answer

It leads to low genetic diversity, making the population more susceptible to disease.

Cell Division, Chromosome Structure, and Genetic Stability

Study Guide - Practice Questions