Question 1

During metaphase I of meiosis in a human cell, how many chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

46

Question 2

Which of the following statements best describes the process of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It is semi-conservative, meaning each new DNA molecule has one old strand and one new strand.

Question 3

A DNA molecule consists of 10 base pairs and contains 10% cytosine. What is the percentage of adenine in this molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$40\%$$

Question 4

Which enzyme is responsible for adding complementary bases during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 5

What is the name of the covalent bond between two nucleotides in a single DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the differences between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes pair only in meiosis I, not in mitosis.

Question 7

A woman with blood type A (genotype $$I^A I^O) $$marries a man with blood type B (genotype $$I^B I^O). $$What is the probability that their child will have blood type O?

Accepted Answer

$$25\%$$

Question 8

Sickle-cell anemia is caused by a recessive allele ($$HbS) $$for the hemoglobin gene. If Randy is heterozygous ($$HbA HbS) $$and Rose is also heterozygous ($$HbA HbS$$), what is the probability that their child will have sickle-cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

$$25\%$$

Question 9

Which researcher used X-ray diffraction to examine the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Rosalind Franklin

Question 10

What invaluable information did Erwin Chargaff discover that aided Watson and Crick in solving the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

The amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine in DNA.

Question 11

Which enzyme is used in transcription to synthesize RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 12

During translation, what is the function of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

To deliver amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA codon sequence.

Question 13

If a DNA template strand reads $$5'	ext{-CGTCTAGCT-3'}$$, what is the sequence of the corresponding mRNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{-GCAGAUCGA-5'}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a general characteristic that genetic material must possess?

Accepted Answer

It must be able to catalyze metabolic reactions.

Question 15

Mutations in the gene p53 are associated with more than 50% of all cancers in humans. What is the normal function of the p53 gene in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating the cell cycle and promoting apoptosis in damaged cells.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Double helix

Question 17

During the cell cycle, at which checkpoint are cells arrested if chromosomes are not attached to the mitotic spindle?

Accepted Answer

M phase checkpoint

Question 18

Which process results in two genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 19

What is the role of DNA helicase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It unwinds the DNA double helix to allow replication to occur.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of a genetic disorder caused by a single nucleotide mutation?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell anemia

Cell Division, Genetics, and Molecular Biology: General Biology Study Guide

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