Question 1

Which of the following best explains why organisms undergo mitosis rather than meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis allows for the production of genetically identical diploid cells for growth and tissue repair.

Question 2

A human cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. What are the characteristics of the resulting daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Two cells, each with 46 chromosomes, genetically identical to the parent cell.

Question 3

Which statement correctly distinguishes between sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome joined at the centromere, while homologous chromosomes are similar but not identical chromosomes inherited from each parent.

Question 4

If a human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would you expect to find in a human gamete?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 5

During meiosis, when do homologous chromosomes separate, and how does this differ from mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis I, while in mitosis, sister chromatids separate.

Question 6

Which process contributes most directly to genetic variation during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I and independent assortment during metaphase I.

Question 7

What are the end products of meiosis in human males (spermatogenesis)?

Accepted Answer

Four haploid cells, each genetically unique, with 23 chromosomes.

Question 8

A woman with genotype $$Aa$$ for a dominant autosomal trait and a man with genotype $$aa$$ have a child. What is the probability that their child will express the dominant phenotype?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a heterozygous genotype?

Accepted Answer

Two different alleles (e.g., $$Aa)$$

Question 10

A man with blood type $$AB$$ and a woman with blood type $$O$$ have children. Which blood types are possible for their offspring?

Accepted Answer

Only type $$A or $$type $$B$$

Question 11

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 12

Which statement best describes DNA replication in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It is semi-conservative, producing two double helices each with one old and one new strand.

Question 13

Given the DNA sequence $$5'	ext{-}ATGCGT-3'$$, what is the complementary DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{-}TACGCA-5'$$

Question 14

What is the overall purpose of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

To ensure each daughter cell receives an identical copy of genetic material during cell division.

Question 15

Which of the following correctly lists the steps of gene expression in order?

Accepted Answer

Transcription $$\rightarrow$$ Translation

Question 16

What does redundancy in the genetic code mean?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct starting and ending product for transcription?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ mRNA

Question 18

A DNA sequence $$5'	ext{-}TAC-3' is $$mutated to $$5'	ext{-}TAG-3'. $$Using the codon dictionary, what type of mutation is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation (introduces a stop codon)

Question 19

Which of the following best defines a genome?

Accepted Answer

The complete set of genetic material in an organism.

Question 20

During translation, which molecules are directly involved in the process?

Accepted Answer

mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes

Cell Division, Inheritance, and Gene Expression: Study Guide

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