Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between somatic cells and gametes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells are diploid and gametes are haploid.

Question 2

During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 3

A researcher observes a cell with chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate, each chromosome consisting of two sister chromatids. What phase is this cell in, and what is the next major event?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase; sister chromatids will separate during anaphase

Question 4

Which of the following mechanisms does NOT contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Replication of DNA during S phase of interphase

Question 5

A plant with genotype $$YyRr is $$crossed with another plant with genotype $$YyRr. $$According to Mendel’s law of independent assortment, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

9:3:3:1

Question 6

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is primarily responsible for ensuring that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before anaphase begins?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 7

A woman who is a carrier for sickle cell disease (genotype $$AS) $$has a child with a man who is also a carrier ($$AS). $$What is the probability that their child will have sickle cell disease?

Accepted Answer

$$\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can form tumors?

Accepted Answer

They ignore cell cycle checkpoints and divide uncontrollably.

Question 9

In which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I; it increases genetic variation among gametes

Question 10

A cell with 8 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red-flowered plant crossed with a white-flowered plant produces pink-flowered offspring

Question 12

Which process is responsible for the formation of the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Constriction of the actin-myosin ring

Question 13

A genetic disorder is caused by a dominant allele. If a heterozygous individual ($$Aa) $$mates with a homozygous recessive individual ($$aa$$), what is the probability that their child will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical cells; meiosis produces four genetically different cells.

Question 15

A cell is observed to have a cell plate forming across its center. What type of cell is this most likely, and what process is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell; cytokinesis

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene causing multiple symptoms in sickle cell disease

Question 17

If a cell fails to pass the G1 checkpoint, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will enter the G0 phase and stop dividing.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I of meiosis but not during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis involves two rounds of division, separating homologs first.

Question 19

A man with blood type $$IAIB$$ and a woman with blood type $$IAi$$ have a child. What is the probability that the child will have type A blood?

Accepted Answer

$$\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}$$

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios is an example of epistasis?

Accepted Answer

A gene for pigment deposition masks the effect of a gene for pigment color in Labrador retrievers.

Cell Division, Meiosis, and Mendelian Genetics: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards