Question 1

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope break down and chromosomes condense, preparing the cell for chromosome alignment?

Accepted Answer

Prophase

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell. Which phase of mitosis is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the outcome of meiosis in a diploid organism?

Accepted Answer

Four haploid daughter cells with genetic variation

Question 4

Crossing over, the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, occurs during which phase of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Question 5

Which of the following correctly lists the phases of meiosis in order?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Question 6

If a cell starts with 8 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

$8$

Question 7

If a diploid cell with $2n = 6$ undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$3$

Question 8

Which of the following events does NOT occur during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 9

A patient’s cells are observed to have abnormal numbers of chromosomes after cell division. Which checkpoint in the cell cycle likely failed?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint (spindle assembly checkpoint)

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction leads to greater genetic diversity than asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

It involves crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis

Question 11

A researcher treats cells with a drug that prevents spindle fibers from forming. Which stage of mitosis will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 12

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 13

If a mutation prevents cytokinesis after mitosis, what will be the result?

Accepted Answer

A single cell with two nuclei

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis results in four genetically unique haploid cells, while mitosis results in two identical diploid cells

Question 15

A cell is observed in which chromosomes are being pulled apart toward opposite poles. Which phase is this?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Cyclins regulate the timing of the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)

Question 17

A genetic disorder causes cells to skip the G1 checkpoint. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division leading to tumor formation

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosome number in daughter cells after meiosis, if the parent cell is diploid with $2n$ chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

$n$

Question 19

A cell with a mutation in the gene encoding for a spindle fiber protein is most likely to experience errors during which process?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells often have abnormal numbers of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They bypass cell cycle checkpoints, leading to errors in chromosome segregation

Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards