Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of their outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the significance of this event?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication occurs during S phase, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.

Question 3

A human somatic cell in G2 phase contains how many chromosomes and chromatids?

Accepted Answer

46 chromosomes and 92 chromatids

Question 4

Which of the following events during meiosis increases genetic diversity in gametes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I

Question 5

Why do prokaryotic cells not divide by mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They lack a nucleus and have a single circular chromosome, so they divide by binary fission instead.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between chromosomes and chromatids?

Accepted Answer

A chromatid is one half of a duplicated chromosome, while a chromosome can consist of one or two chromatids depending on the cell cycle stage.

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with Down syndrome, which is caused by an extra chromosome 21. This condition is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Aneuploidy due to nondisjunction

Question 8

Which of the following correctly matches the process with the type of cells it produces?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces somatic cells; meiosis produces gametes.

Question 9

Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 10

In human oogenesis, how many functional eggs are produced from one primary oocyte, and what happens to the remaining cells?

Accepted Answer

One functional egg is produced; the other three cells become polar bodies.

Question 11

If a human cell undergoes nondisjunction during meiosis II, what is the most likely outcome for the resulting gametes?

Accepted Answer

One gamete will have an extra chromosome, one will be missing one, and two will be normal.

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosome number in human diploid and haploid cells?

Accepted Answer

$$2N = 46$$, $$N = 23$$

Question 13

Which event distinguishes cytokinesis from mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, while mitosis is the division of the nucleus.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why meiosis leads to genetic variation in offspring?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during crossing over and assort independently.

Question 15

A bacterial cell contains a single, circular chromosome. Which process does it use to divide, and why is this process different from mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission; because bacteria lack a nucleus and mitotic spindle.

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 17

Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for cell growth and normal cellular functions?

Accepted Answer

G1 phase

Question 18

Which of the following diseases is associated with aneuploidy resulting from nondisjunction?

Accepted Answer

Turner syndrome

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis in humans?

Accepted Answer

Spermatogenesis produces four sperm per primary spermatocyte, while oogenesis produces one egg and three polar bodies per primary oocyte.

Cell Division: Mitosis, Meiosis, and Related Concepts (Biology 110 Unit Three Study Guide)

Study Guide - Practice Questions