Question 1

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotic cells do not undergo mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and have a single, circular chromosome, so they divide by binary fission instead of mitosis.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the result in terms of chromosome and chromatid number in a human diploid cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication occurs during the S phase, resulting in 46 chromosomes and 92 chromatids.

Question 3

A human cell with 47 chromosomes is most likely the result of which process, and what is the term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction during meiosis; the condition is called aneuploidy.

Question 4

Which of the following events increases genetic diversity during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I.

Question 5

In which stage of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 6

A plant cell and an animal cell are both undergoing cytokinesis. Which statement correctly describes a key difference between the two?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells form a cell plate, while animal cells form a cleavage furrow.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between chromosomes and chromatids?

Accepted Answer

A chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined at a centromere after DNA replication.

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding oogenesis and spermatogenesis in humans?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis produces one viable egg and three polar bodies, while spermatogenesis produces four viable sperm.

Question 9

A human somatic cell in G1 phase contains 46 chromosomes. After S phase, how many chromatids are present in the cell?

Accepted Answer

$$92$$

Question 10

Which of the following diseases is associated with aneuploidy resulting from nondisjunction?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)

Question 11

If a diploid human cell undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each resulting gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 12

Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for cell growth and normal function?

Accepted Answer

G1 phase

Question 13

A bacterial cell contains a single, circular chromosome. If this cell divides, what process does it use and how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission; each daughter cell will have one chromosome.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, that carry genes for the same traits.

Question 15

Which event occurs during prophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope.

Question 16

If a mutation causes a cell to skip the G2 checkpoint, what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell may enter mitosis with damaged or unreplicated DNA, leading to genomic instability.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Production of gametes for sexual reproduction.

Question 18

A cell is observed with chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell, each attached to spindle fibers from opposite poles. Which stage is this?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why meiosis results in genetic variation among offspring?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis create new combinations of alleles.

Question 20

If a human cell at metaphase II of meiosis is analyzed, how many chromosomes and chromatids does it contain?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$ chromosomes$$,$$ $$46$$ chromatids

Cell Division: Mitosis, Meiosis, and Related Concepts (Biology 110 Unit Three Study Guide)

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