Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between integral and peripheral membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Integral proteins are embedded within the lipid bilayer, whereas peripheral proteins are bound to the membrane surface.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration than its cytoplasm. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and shrink, a process known as plasmolysis.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a major function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of DNA

Question 4

Why do small, nonpolar molecules pass through the cell membrane more easily than large, polar molecules?

Accepted Answer

Because the hydrophobic interior of the membrane allows nonpolar molecules to dissolve and diffuse through.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between surface area and volume for a spherical cell?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{Surface\ Area}{Volume} = \frac{4\pi r^2$}{\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$} = \frac{3}{r}$$

Question 6

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will gain water and burst (lyse).

Question 7

Which process describes the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 8

Aquaporins are specialized membrane proteins that:

Accepted Answer

Allow rapid movement of water across cell membranes.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, allowing efficient exchange of materials.

Question 10

A freshwater fish is placed in saltwater. Relative to the fish, the saltwater is:

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.

Question 12

Which formula represents the energy input required for active transport by the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

$$ATP \rightarrow ADP + P_i + energy$$

Question 13

If a plant cell is placed in an isotonic solution, what will happen?

Accepted Answer

The cell will neither gain nor lose water; it will become flaccid.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose moving into a cell through a specific transport protein.

Question 15

A cell must move potassium ions into its cytoplasm even though the concentration of potassium is already higher inside than outside. Which process is used?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the direction of water movement in osmosis?

Accepted Answer

From an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration

Question 17

Which scenario would most likely result in cytolysis of an animal cell?

Accepted Answer

Placing the cell in a hypotonic solution

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of placing a plant cell in a hypertonic solution?

Accepted Answer

The cell will undergo plasmolysis and shrink away from the cell wall.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains how fish in freshwater lakes maintain a higher solute concentration in their bodies than in the surrounding water?

Accepted Answer

They use active transport to move solutes into their bodies against the concentration gradient.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the movement of molecules across cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Molecules move randomly and follow their own concentration gradients until equilibrium is reached.

Cell Membranes and Transport Mechanisms

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