Q: Which of the following membrane proteins is primarily responsible for transporting ions across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient?

Pump proteins (such as Na\textsuperscript{+}/K\textsuperscript{+} ATPase)

Question 1

Which statement best describes the Fluid Mosaic Model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

The membrane consists of a dynamic arrangement of proteins and lipids that can move laterally within the bilayer.

Question 2

Which of the following best explains how cholesterol affects membrane fluidity in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol stabilizes membrane fluidity by preventing drastic changes in fluidity at different temperatures.

Question 3

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. What type of solution is this, and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; the cell will shrink.

Question 4

Which of the following membrane proteins is primarily responsible for transporting ions across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Pump proteins (such as Na	extsuperscript{+}/K	extsuperscript{+} ATPase)

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the net movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$\Delta \Psi = \Psi_{outside} - \Psi_{inside}$

Question 6

Which process requires energy input from the cell to move substances across the membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

A mutation causes a cell to lack integral membrane proteins. Which function would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of large polar molecules across the membrane

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of membrane carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in cell-cell recognition and signaling.

Question 9

A scientist observes that a certain molecule can cross the cell membrane only when a specific protein is present, and the process does not require ATP. What type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by surrounding it with its membrane.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about passive and active transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 12

A cell is observed to take in large particles by wrapping its membrane around them and forming a vesicle. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of peripheral membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

They are loosely attached to the membrane surface and often play roles in signaling or structural support.

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a bilayer with hydrophobic tails facing inward and hydrophilic heads facing outward

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy for cellular respiration

Question 16

A cell uses the Na	extsuperscript{+}/K	extsuperscript{+} pump to maintain ion gradients. Which equation best represents the energy requirement for this process?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{ATP} ightarrow 	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i$

Question 17

Which of the following would most likely increase the rate of facilitated diffusion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the number of channel proteins

Question 18

Which process is used by cells to secrete large molecules, such as hormones, out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why oxygen can diffuse directly across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is a small nonpolar molecule.

Question 20

A cell in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Gain water and swell

Cell Membranes and Transport: Study Notes for General Biology

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