Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes in human somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

Autosomes are chromosomes other than sex chromosomes, while sex chromosomes (X and Y) determine genetic sex.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the result?

Accepted Answer

S phase; the DNA in chromatin replicates, resulting in two genetically identical sister chromatids held together at the centromere.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the diploid chromosome number ($$2n) in $$human somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$

Question 4

What is the primary function of the acrosome in a sperm cell?

Accepted Answer

To store enzymes needed to penetrate the protective layer surrounding the female egg.

Question 5

Which process ensures genetic variation during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over and independent assortment.

Question 6

A sea star cell has 36 chromosomes. If anaphase I does not occur during meiosis, how many chromosomes will be present in each daughter cell?

Accepted Answer

36 chromosomes

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically distinct haploid cells.

Question 8

Which cancer therapy specifically targets genes and proteins involved in cancer cell growth and survival?

Accepted Answer

Targeted therapy

Question 9

During oogenesis, why is only one mature ovum produced from each primary oocyte?

Accepted Answer

Because the cytoplasm is unequally divided, resulting in one cell with most of the cytoplasm and three polar bodies.

Question 10

Which of the following is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Disease is likely to affect the entire population

Question 11

What is the role of the spindle fibers during metaphase in mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They guide chromosomes to the equator of the cell and attach to the centromere of each chromosome.

Question 12

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that DNA is undamaged before entering S phase?

Accepted Answer

G1/S checkpoint

Question 13

Which equation represents the chromosome number in a haploid cell?

Accepted Answer

$$n = 23$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of mitosis and cytokinesis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues

Question 15

Which structure in a plant cell forms during cytokinesis to separate two daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell plate

Question 16

Which reproductive strategy involves the development of an adult organism from an unfertilized egg?

Accepted Answer

Parthenogenesis

Question 17

In the life cycle of flowering plants, what is the significance of double fertilization?

Accepted Answer

It forms a zygote and a triploid endosperm that nourishes the embryo.

Question 18

Which of the following is a common side effect of stem cell transplants?

Accepted Answer

Low blood cell counts and infection

Question 19

Which phase of meiosis is responsible for the separation of homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

It allows for crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis.

Cell Reproduction and Continuity of Human Life: Mitosis, Meiosis, and Reproductive Strategies

Study Guide - Practice Questions