Q: Which equation correctly represents the metabolic process occurring in mitochondria during cellular respiration?

$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy (ATP)} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in liver cells exposed to high levels of alcohol?

Accepted Answer

It detoxifies drugs and poisons, including alcohol, by metabolizing them.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with the following characteristics: DNA located in a nucleoid region, no membrane-bound organelles, and a plasma membrane. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the metabolic process occurring in mitochondria during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy (ATP)} $$

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for sorting and packaging proteins into transport vesicles for delivery to other parts of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

A mutation disrupts the function of tubulin proteins in a cell. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of organelles along microtubules

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selective barrier, allowing passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste.

Question 7

Which cell junction would you expect to find in the bladder, preventing substances from moving through spaces between cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 8

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which vacuole type is primarily responsible for pumping excess water out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Contractile vacuole

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the endosymbiont theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Early eukaryotic cells engulfed non-photosynthetic and photosynthetic prokaryotic cells, which became mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a double membrane, its own DNA, and ribosomes. It is most likely which organelle?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of microfilaments in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They bear tension and help maintain cell shape.

Question 13

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have DNA enclosed in a nucleus.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and helps cells bind to each other.

Question 15

Which organelle is primarily responsible for recycling the cell’s own organelles and macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They use information from DNA to make proteins.

Question 17

Which cell structure is composed of glycoproteins such as collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin, and is involved in cell communication and adhesion?

Accepted Answer

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They contain thylakoids stacked to form grana.

Question 19

Which of the following cell junctions allows water, small solutes, proteins, and RNA to pass from one plant cell to another?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why light microscopes cannot resolve most subcellular structures?

Accepted Answer

Visible light has a wavelength that is too long to distinguish structures smaller than about 200 nm.

Cell Structure and Function: A Tour of the Cell

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