Question 1

Which scientist first coined the term 'cell' after observing cork under a microscope?

Accepted Answer

Robert Hooke

Question 2

According to cell theory, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a basic property of cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells store genetic information in nucleic acids.

Question 4

Which structure is found in prokaryotic cells but NOT in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasmid

Question 5

What is the main chemical component of the prokaryotic cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is a double layer of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

Question 7

Which type of lipid is most abundant in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Question 8

What is the function of integral (transmembrane) proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They act as channels, transporters, and receptors.

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing secretory proteins and membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

Which process describes the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 11

Which equation correctly represents the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen by catalase?

Accepted Answer

$$2H_2O_2 \xrightarrow{catalase} 2H_2O + O_2$

Question 12

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 13

Which statement best describes the result of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Two diploid daughter cells are produced.

Question 14

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the spindle equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 15

What is the main difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, meiosis II separates sister chromatids.

Question 16

Which process is responsible for genetic diversity during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing-over during prophase I

Question 17

Which statement about apoptosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a programmed cell death process that does not cause inflammation.

Question 18

Which protein family regulates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Bcl-2 protein family

Question 19

Which of the following molecules can diffuse freely across the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

O2

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx on the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitate cell-cell recognition and interaction

Cell Structure and Function: Comprehensive Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions