Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a selectively permeable bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins that regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with the following characteristics: a nucleoid region, plasmids, a cell wall, and flagella. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and are the sites of protein synthesis.

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of vesicles in a eukaryotic cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells are able to carry out more complex metabolic processes than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have compartmentalized organelles that provide specialized environments for different metabolic processes.

Question 6

A cell is observed to have a large number of mitochondria. What can you infer about the function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is likely involved in processes that require large amounts of energy, such as muscle contraction.

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome – digestion of macromolecules and recycling of cellular material

Question 8

During the pathway of a secretory protein, which sequence of organelles and structures does the protein pass through before being exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Vesicle → Golgi apparatus → Vesicle → Plasma membrane

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and enabling movement of organelles within the cytoplasm

Question 10

A researcher is studying a cell that contains grana and thylakoids. Which process is most likely occurring in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is responsible for the synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids within the cell.

Question 12

If a eukaryotic cell's rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is damaged, which of the following processes would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of secretory proteins

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between chromatin and chromosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is a diffuse complex of DNA and proteins, while chromosomes are condensed, threadlike structures formed during cell division.

Question 14

A cell is observed to have a double membrane, its own DNA, and ribosomes, but is not part of the endomembrane system. Which organelle is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of ATP production in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{ATP}$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ATP

Question 17

A bacterial cell is able to attach to surfaces and other cells using short, hair-like projections. What are these structures called?

Accepted Answer

Pili

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the inner membrane of mitochondria is highly folded into cristae?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for ATP-producing reactions

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where ribosomal RNA is synthesized and ribosome assembly begins.

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Cell Structure and Function: General Biology Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards