Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size by their surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

As cells grow larger, their volume increases faster than their surface area, making it harder for the cell to exchange materials with its environment.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with the following structures: cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, nucleoid, and flagella. Which type of cell is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic bacterial cell

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing ATP through cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A mutation causes a cell to lack ribosomes. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 5

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 6

Which structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells, and is responsible for storing water and maintaining cell rigidity?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 7

The Endosymbiotic Theory proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from:

Accepted Answer

Symbiotic relationships between ancient prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Packages and modifies proteins for transport

Question 9

If a cell's surface area is $$6 \mathrm{\,cm}^2$$ and its volume is $$1 \mathrm{\,cm}^3$$, what is its surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$6:1$$

Question 10

Which of the following cell structures is directly involved in the movement of a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Flagellum

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 12

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in cellular respiration.

Question 13

Which cell structure is responsible for controlling what enters and leaves the cell?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 14

A cell is unable to digest large macromolecules. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Cells can spontaneously generate from non-living matter.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and helps with cell movement.

Question 17

A cell is observed to have DNA in a nucleoid region, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall made of peptidoglycan. What type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic bacterial cell

Question 18

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 19

A cell is observed to have rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with ribosomes attached. What is the primary function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export

Question 20

Which of the following best supports the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own circular DNA similar to prokaryotes.

Cell Structure and Function: Key Concepts and Terminology

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