Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins that are destined for secretion from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 2

A mutation disrupts the function of the nuclear envelope. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of mRNA from nucleus to cytoplasm

Question 3

Which structure is the main repository of ions such as potassium and calcium in plant cells, and is important for growth and maintaining cell turgor?

Accepted Answer

Central Vacuole

Question 4

A cell is observed to have abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of drugs and synthesis of lipids

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules using hydrolytic enzymes at low pH

Question 6

A scientist isolates a structure from a plant cell that contains DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes for photosynthesis. What is this structure?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 7

Which cellular structure is responsible for sorting, packaging, and shipping proteins to their final destinations?

Accepted Answer

Golgi Apparatus

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of microtubules in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing tracks for organelle movement and forming the mitotic spindle

Question 9

A cell is unable to produce sufficient ATP through aerobic respiration. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 10

Which structure allows direct cytoplasmic exchange of water and small solutes between adjacent plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why ribosomes can be found both free in the cytosol and bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes synthesize proteins for different destinations depending on their location

Question 12

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the function of peroxisomes. Which cellular process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide ($2H_2O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2$)

Question 13

Which of the following structures is NOT found in animal cells but is present in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Central Vacuole

Question 14

During cell division, which structure is responsible for organizing the mitotic spindle in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome (containing centrioles)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support, cell shape, and facilitates movement of organelles

Question 16

A researcher observes a cell with a large number of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane to release their contents. Which process is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 17

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for either secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi Apparatus

Question 18

Which structure is composed of a double membrane and contains its own DNA and ribosomes, supporting the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 19

A cell is unable to synthesize steroid hormones. Which organelle is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly

Cell Structure and Function: Key Organelles and Components in General Biology

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