Q: Which of the following best describes the overall equation for photosynthesis, and in which organelle does this process primarily occur?

$6 \ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{light energy} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \ \mathrm{O}_2$; occurs in the chloroplast

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall equation for photosynthesis, and in which organelle does this process primarily occur?

Accepted Answer

$6 \ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \ \mathrm{O}_2$; occurs in the chloroplast

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the nuclear lamina is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of intermediate filaments and provides structural support to the nuclear envelope.

Question 3

A protein is synthesized by a free ribosome in the cytosol. Which of the following is a likely destination for this protein?

Accepted Answer

It will function in the cytosol, nucleus, mitochondria, or peroxisome.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly.

Question 5

Which of the following organelles contains its own DNA and is believed to have originated via endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 6

A protein destined for secretion is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Which sequence correctly describes its path through the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

RER $\rightarrow$ Golgi $\rightarrow$ vesicle $\rightarrow$ plasma membrane

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why protons cannot freely diffuse across the lysosomal membrane to maintain its low pH?

Accepted Answer

Protons are actively transported into the lysosome by proton pumps using ATP.

Question 8

Which two enzymes are found in peroxisomes, and what are their functions?

Accepted Answer

Catalase (breaks down hydrogen peroxide) and peroxidase (produces hydrogen peroxide)

Question 9

What was the result when a nuclear localization signal (NLS) was added to a cytoplasmic protein in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

The protein was transported into the nucleus.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about glycosylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

O-linked glycosylation occurs in the Golgi and involves threonine or serine residues.

Question 11

Which cytoskeletal filament is primarily responsible for resisting mechanical stress and maintaining cell shape?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 12

Which motor protein moves cargo toward the plus end of microtubules, and which moves toward the minus end?

Accepted Answer

Kinesin moves toward the plus end; dynein moves toward the minus end.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of actin treadmilling?

Accepted Answer

Actin monomers are added to the plus end and removed from the minus end, resulting in a dynamic steady state.

Question 14

A mutation prevents the function of the signal recognition particle (SRP) during protein synthesis. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Proteins destined for secretion will be synthesized in the cytosol and not enter the ER.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis imports materials into the cell; exocytosis exports materials out of the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is correct?

Accepted Answer

The Golgi modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for their final destinations.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes how a transmembrane protein folds in the RER?

Accepted Answer

It folds so that amphipathic amino acids are positioned to interact with both the lipid bilayer and the aqueous environment.

Question 18

Which of the following organelles is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 19

Which cytoskeletal filament is composed of tubulin dimers and is involved in chromosome separation during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 20

Which of the following best explains how enzymes are recycled in the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are packaged into vesicles and returned to their original cisternae via retrograde transport.

Cell Structure and Function: Organelles, Cytoskeleton, and Protein Trafficking

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards