$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

They both contain their own DNA and double membranes, similar to bacteria.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A plant cell

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of microtubules in a cell. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of vesicles within the cell

Question 5

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Question 6

A cell is unable to break down old or damaged organelles. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 7

Which structure is responsible for converting sunlight into chemical energy in the form of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 8

If a cell's rough ER is damaged, which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for export

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and facilitates movement within the cell.

Question 10

A cell is observed to have many cilia on its surface. What is the most likely function of these cilia?

Accepted Answer

Movement of the cell or movement of substances across the cell surface

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 12

Which equation best represents the process occurring in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 13

Which organelle is most directly involved in the synthesis of lipids?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

A cell with a defective plasma membrane would have trouble with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It assembles ribosomal subunits.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage of water, nutrients, and waste products

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 18

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for muscle contraction and cell movement?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Question 19

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which of the following diseases could result from this defect?

Accepted Answer

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why plant cells can maintain turgor pressure?

Accepted Answer

They have a rigid cell wall and a large central vacuole.

Cell Structure and Function: Organelles, Endomembrane System, Endosymbiosis, and Cytoskeleton

Study Guide - Practice Questions