Question 1

Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic cells but NOT in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 2

A scientist is studying a cell that contains DNA in a membrane-bound compartment, numerous membrane-bound organelles, and an extracellular matrix. Which type of cell is she most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why smaller cells are more efficient at exchanging materials with their environment?

Accepted Answer

They have a greater ratio of surface area to volume

Question 4

Given a cube-shaped cell with a side length of $2$ units, what is its surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$\frac{24}{8} = 3$

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are either secreted from the cell or inserted into membranes?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

A mutation prevents the formation of nuclear pore complexes in a eukaryotic cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of mRNA from nucleus to cytoplasm

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for secretion

Question 8

What is the primary difference between free ribosomes and bound ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Free ribosomes synthesize proteins for the cytosol, while bound ribosomes synthesize proteins for membranes or secretion

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a sticky coat that holds cells together

Question 10

If a cell increases its size from a cube with side length $1$ unit to a cube with side length $3$ units, by what factor does its surface area to volume ratio change?

Accepted Answer

It decreases by a factor of $3$

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and transport of proteins

Question 12

Which cell structure is responsible for maintaining the shape of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear lamina

Question 13

A cell is observed to have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 14

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are the site of protein synthesis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the synthesis and secretion of a protein in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus → rough ER → Golgi apparatus → plasma membrane

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a component of all cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 18

A cell is observed to lack membrane-bound organelles and has its DNA located in a region called the nucleoid. What type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for membranes and secretion

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the nucleolus is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes, Membranes, and Organelles

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