Question 1

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed within a nucleus.

Question 2

Which domain includes organisms that obtain nutrients by photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A scientist discovers a single-celled organism with no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They assemble amino acids into proteins.

Question 6

In eukaryotic cells, where can genes be found?

Accepted Answer

In the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is correct?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein synthesis.

Question 8

A mutation prevents a cell from producing histones. Which process would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome packaging in the nucleus

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why cells are small?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a larger surface area to volume ratio, allowing efficient exchange of materials.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digesting macromolecules and recycling cellular components

Question 12

Which structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 13

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. What type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where ribosomal RNA is synthesized.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins

Question 16

Which of the following statements about chromosomes in eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are made of DNA and proteins called histones.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the path of a protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome → Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Plasma membrane

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the genetic material in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It is found in a single, circular DNA molecule.

Question 19

Which of the following organelles is directly involved in the synthesis of membrane lipids?

Accepted Answer

Smooth ER

Question 20

A cell is unable to transport proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein modification and sorting for secretion

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes, Organelles, and Genetic Material

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