Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between a light microscope and an electron microscope?

Accepted Answer

A light microscope uses visible light to magnify small objects, while an electron microscope uses beams of electrons for higher magnification.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the detailed internal structure of mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell. Which type of microscope should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Question 3

Which of the following is a primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do.

Question 4

Which domains of life are classified as prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 5

A cell is observed to have the following characteristics: (1) no nucleus, (2) a cell wall, and (3) a size of 2 $\mu$m. This cell could be a(n):

Accepted Answer

Bacterium

Question 6

Which organelle packages the genetic/hereditary material in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by all types of cells?

Accepted Answer

Contains a nucleus that stores the genetic material.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are molecular machines that build proteins in all cells.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 10

Which two organelles produce cellular energy in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Question 11

A scientist isolates a cell with the following features: DNA in a nucleoid region, small ribosomes, and division by binary fission. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cell

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins and lipids

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can be much larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize functions.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of organelle and function?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast – photosynthesis

Question 15

A cell is observed to have mitochondria, a central vacuole, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the domains of life is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotic domains.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world application of using a transmission electron microscope (TEM)?

Accepted Answer

Measuring the size of a ribosome inside a eukaryotic cell

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and facilitates cell movement.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the genetic material in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA in a nucleoid region, while eukaryotic cells have linear DNA in a nucleus.

Question 20

A mutation disrupts the function of ribosomes in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells, Microscopy, and Organelles

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