Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins within a cell?

Accepted Answer

Performing most of the cell's functions

Question 2

What is the primary structural component of the bacterial cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 3

Which of the following statements best describes the advantage of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It increases the efficiency of chemical reactions and separates incompatible reactions.

Question 4

A scientist discovers a cell with a single, circular chromosome, ribosomes, and a cell wall made of peptidoglycan. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cell

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and detoxifying harmful substances in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

What is the function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosome subunits.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

It processes, sorts, and ships proteins received from the rough ER.

Question 8

A mutation disrupts the function of acid hydrolases in an animal cell. Which organelle would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 9

Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 10

What is the main function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP production

Question 11

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are the site of protein synthesis.

Question 12

A cell is observed to have a dynamic network of protein fibers that help maintain its shape and transport materials. What is this network called?

Accepted Answer

Cytoskeleton

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the plant cell vacuole?

Accepted Answer

Storage of water and ions

Question 14

Which process describes the movement of proteins from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Transport in membranous vesicles

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts can grow and divide independently of the cell?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes.

Question 16

A protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell must first contain which molecular feature?

Accepted Answer

An ER signal sequence

Question 17

Which equation best represents the general function of mitochondria in energy conversion?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{ATP}$

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between bacterial and archaeal phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

Archaeal phospholipids have branched isoprenoid chains bound to glycerol.

Question 19

Which cytoskeletal element is essential for cell division in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Long, thin protein filaments

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, and a cell wall, but lacks membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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