Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells lack these structures.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a thick cell wall containing chitin. Which type of organism is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Fungus

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of ATP during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A cell is observed to have a rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with many ribosomes attached. What is the main function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of membrane proteins and secreted proteins

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as 'selectively permeable'?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of specific molecules based on size, charge, and solubility.

Question 6

Which of the following formulas correctly represents the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase in peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

$2H_2O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2$

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins and sending them to their correct destinations within or outside the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 8

A mutation disrupts the function of kinesin in a cell. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of vesicles along microtubules

Question 9

Which of the following structures is found in both plant and animal cells and is involved in maintaining cell shape and structure?

Accepted Answer

Cytoskeleton

Question 10

Which statement best supports the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles contain their own DNA and have double membranes.

Question 11

A cell is observed to have many smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). Which function is most likely enhanced in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of chemicals and synthesis of lipids

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of tight junctions in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Prevent passage of substances between adjacent cells

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They produce proteins that remain in the cytosol or are secreted.

Question 14

A plant cell is observed to have large central vacuole. What is the primary function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Storage of water and other substances

Question 15

Which of the following proteins is a major component of the extracellular matrix and provides structural support to animal tissues?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Question 16

Which of the following statements about microtubules is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of tubulin and form tracks for vesicle movement.

Question 17

Which of the following cell junctions allows the passage of ions and small molecules directly between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 18

A cell is observed to have a large number of mitochondria. Which type of tissue is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Muscle tissue

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in protein processing?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, while animal cells do not.

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells, Organelles, and the Cytoskeleton

Study Guide - Practice Questions