Question 1

Which of the following is a feature shared by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA as genetic material

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is she most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Why do cells need to divide rather than just get larger as they grow?

Accepted Answer

Volume increases faster than surface area, limiting efficient exchange of materials

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between surface area and volume for a spherical cell?

Accepted Answer

$SA = 4 \pi r^2$, $V = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 6

A mutation disrupts the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for secretion

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails

Question 8

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes and is responsible for breaking down cellular waste?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 9

Central vacuoles are most important for which type of cell?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells

Question 10

Which process occurs in mitochondria and is essential for energy transformation in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 12

Which organelle is directly involved in detoxifying harmful substances and contains enzymes that break down hydrogen peroxide?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 14

Which structure connects the nuclear envelope to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$

Question 16

Which organelle is found in animal cells but not in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 17

A cell is observed to have microtubules organized by centrosomes. In which type of cell is this most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 18

Which of the following is a major difference between plant and animal cell structure?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have chloroplasts, animal cells do not

Question 19

Which component of the extracellular matrix is primarily responsible for providing structural support to animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Question 20

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting microfilaments. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction

Chapter 4 Bio

Study Guide - Practice Questions