Question 1

Which of the following best describes a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

A cell's ability to efficiently exchange materials with its environment is limited by its surface area-to-volume ratio. Which equation correctly represents the surface area-to-volume ratio for a spherical cell of radius $r$?

Accepted Answer

$\frac{4 \pi r^2}{\frac{4}{3} \pi r^3}$

Question 3

Which organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells, and is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 4

Which of the following is a major function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs

Question 5

A scientist observes a cell with a well-defined nucleus, mitochondria, and lysosomes. Which type of cell is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Animal cell

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of the nuclear lamina?

Accepted Answer

A network of protein filaments that provides structural support to the nucleus

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of chromatin?

Accepted Answer

A complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease, which is caused by a deficiency in a lysosomal enzyme. What is the primary function of lysosomes in a healthy cell?

Accepted Answer

Digesting and recycling cellular waste and macromolecules

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down hydrogen peroxide using catalase

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a large number of mitochondria. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

The cell is involved in active transport and requires large amounts of ATP.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between phagocytosis and autophagy?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis digests extracellular material, while autophagy recycles the cell's own organelles.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing tracks for motor proteins to move vesicles

Question 14

Which motor protein moves along microtubules to transport vesicles toward the plus end (cell periphery)?

Accepted Answer

Kinesin

Question 15

A mutation disrupts the function of intermediate filaments in a cell. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell becomes more susceptible to mechanical stress and deformation.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of a centriole?

Accepted Answer

A ring of nine triplets of microtubules arranged in a cylinder

Question 17

Which of the following cell junctions allows ions and small molecules to pass directly from one animal cell to another?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 18

Which of the following is a major component of the animal cell extracellular matrix and is important for tissue strength?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Question 19

A researcher is studying a cell that lacks dynein arms in its cilia. Which of the following cellular processes is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Movement of mucus along the respiratory tract

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly.

Ch 5 review

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