Question 1

Which type of microscopy would be most appropriate for observing the detailed internal structure of mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy

Question 2

Which of the following statements is NOT a component of the modern cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells contain a nucleus.

Question 3

Why must actively metabolizing cells remain small in size?

Accepted Answer

To maximize the surface area-to-volume ratio for efficient exchange of materials.

Question 4

A scientist wants to study the surface features of a pollen grain. Which type of microscopy should she use?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscopy

Question 5

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 6

Which structure is found in all prokaryotic cells but not in all eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid region

Question 7

How does compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells contribute to their complexity?

Accepted Answer

It allows different metabolic processes to occur simultaneously in separate organelles.

Question 8

Which organelle is primarily responsible for protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 9

A pancreatic cell specializes in producing and secreting large amounts of digestive enzymes. Which organelle would you expect to be especially abundant in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

According to the endosymbiont theory, which modern-day organelles are believed to have originated from free-living prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 12

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which of the following would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

The cell would accumulate undigested waste and damaged organelles.

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the surface area-to-volume ratio for a spherical cell of radius $r$?

Accepted Answer

$\frac{4 \pi r^2}{\frac{4}{3} \pi r^3}$

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement

Question 15

A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Burst due to water influx

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They originated from ancient symbiotic prokaryotes, as described by the endosymbiont theory.

Question 17

Which of the following structures is present in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 18

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium through a process called phagocytosis. Which organelle is responsible for digesting the bacterium once inside the cell?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the nucleoid region in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A non-membrane-bound region containing the cell's genetic material

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the advantage of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A muscle cell can simultaneously break down glucose in mitochondria and synthesize proteins in the rough ER.

Cell Structure and Function: Study Guide for Chapter 4

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