Q: Which equation correctly represents the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria?

$\text{Eukaryotic cell} + \text{Aerobic prokaryote} \rightarrow \text{Cell with mitochondria}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, whereas prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus.

Question 2

A scientist is comparing images of a cell's surface and its internal structures. Which type of microscopy should they use to best visualize the cell's surface topography?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 4

A researcher uses cell fractionation to isolate mitochondria from liver cells. What is the main purpose of cell fractionation in this context?

Accepted Answer

To separate cellular components for individual study

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing ribosomal RNA ($rRNA$) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 6

A mutation disrupts the function of microtubules in a cell. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome movement during mitosis

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Eukaryotic cell} + 	ext{Aerobic prokaryote} ightarrow 	ext{Cell with mitochondria}$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why pancreatic cells have a larger amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum compared to red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic cells synthesize and secrete large amounts of proteins, requiring extensive rough ER.

Question 9

Which of the following is a metabolic function of chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 10

A patient has a genetic disorder that affects the function of tight junctions in their intestinal cells. Which symptom would most likely result from this defect?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled leakage of materials between cells

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and facilitates movement of organelles.

Question 12

Which cell junction allows for the direct transfer of ions and small molecules between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 13

Which of the following equations represents the general formula for surface area of a spherical cell?

Accepted Answer

$A = 4 \pi r^2$

Question 14

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the advantage of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It allows for simultaneous and specialized biochemical reactions in different organelles.

Question 16

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 17

A scientist observes that a certain cell type has many cilia and flagella. Which cytoskeletal structure is most directly involved in their movement?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of the importance of cell communication via extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells can invade surrounding tissues by altering their interactions with the extracellular matrix.

Question 20

Which of the following equations represents the relationship between cell volume and radius for a spherical cell?

Accepted Answer

$V = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$

Chapter 6 STUDY GUIDE - Cell Structure and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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