Question 1

Which of the following cellular structures can be visualized by both light microscopy and electron microscopy, but with different levels of detail?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 2

Which of the following is a major disadvantage of electron microscopy compared to light microscopy?

Accepted Answer

Inability to view living cells

Question 3

Which statement best summarizes one of the three principles of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

Question 4

A scientist is comparing a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following is a key difference between them?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed within a nucleus.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

Contains the cell's genetic material

Question 7

Why are most cells small? Choose the best explanation based on the relationship between surface area and volume.

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 8

Which of the following is a role of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Organizing cell structure and facilitating movement

Question 9

Which cytoskeletal component is described as hollow tubes made of tubulin, providing 'roadways' for intracellular transport?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 10

Which motor protein is primarily responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Dynein

Question 11

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional actin. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction and cell movement

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure of intermediate filaments?

Accepted Answer

They are rope-like fibers that provide mechanical strength.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why microvilli on intestinal cells are important for nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area, enhancing the rate of material exchange across the plasma membrane.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Their DNA is located in the nucleoid region.

Question 15

A researcher is using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study a cell. What is the main advantage of TEM over scanning electron microscopy (SEM)?

Accepted Answer

TEM provides detailed images of the cell's internal structures.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in the movement of motor proteins such as dynein and kinesin?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides the energy required for conformational changes that result in movement along cytoskeletal filaments.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct classification of cytoskeletal components based on their size (from smallest to largest)?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments \u003c Intermediate filaments \u003c Microtubules

Question 18

A cell is observed to have a high concentration of myosin. Which cellular process is most likely to be enhanced in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can be much larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain internal membranes that compartmentalize functions, increasing efficiency.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells contain chloroplasts.

Cell Structure and Function: Study Guide

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