Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of nutrients and waste.

Question 2

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis and hydrolysis of lipids, detoxification of drugs, and production of membranes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

A scientist uses a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to study a cell. What is the scientist most likely examining?

Accepted Answer

The internal ultrastructure of organelles within the cell

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ribosomal RNA

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{ATP}$

Question 6

Which of the following features is unique to prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of plasmids (extrachromosomal circular DNA)

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease, a lysosomal storage disorder. Which cellular process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules within lysosomes

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for programmed cell death (apoptosis) in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 9

Which of the following statements supports the endosymbiosis theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles contain their own circular DNA and ribosomes similar to those found in bacteria.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and providing anchorage for organelles

Question 11

Which organelle is most abundant in cells that require large amounts of energy, such as muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of contractile vacuoles in freshwater protists?

Accepted Answer

They pump excess water out of the cell to maintain osmotic balance.

Question 13

Which process is most directly associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins destined for export or for membranes

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 15

Which structure allows large macromolecules to pass between the nucleus and cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear pores

Question 16

Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of peroxisomes in cells?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of alcohol, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the pathway of a protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus → Rough ER → Transport vesicle → Golgi apparatus → Plasma membrane

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of apoptosis in development?

Accepted Answer

Loss of webbing between fingers during fetal development

Question 20

Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

They are part of the endomembrane system.

Cell Structure & Function: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards