Question 1

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with the following characteristics: a single circular chromosome, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall containing peptidoglycan. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cell

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can be much larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They compartmentalize functions into organelles, increasing efficiency.

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of the lysosome in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of macromolecules using acid hydrolases

Question 5

A protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell will first be synthesized in which location?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is correct?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the transport of proteins larger than 40 kDa using nuclear localization signals (NLS).

Question 7

Which of the following is a unique feature of plant cells compared to animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of chloroplasts

Question 8

A mutation prevents the addition of mannose-6-phosphate to acid hydrolases. What is the most likely consequence in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Acid hydrolases will be secreted outside the cell instead of being delivered to lysosomes.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide via catalase

Question 10

During a pulse-chase experiment, newly synthesized proteins are labeled with a radioactive amino acid. After the chase, where would you expect to find the labeled proteins if they are destined for secretion?

Accepted Answer

In secretory vesicles or outside the cell

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of an organelle with its analogous role in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast: Food-manufacturing facility

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why acid hydrolases in lysosomes are only active at low pH?

Accepted Answer

To prevent them from digesting cellular components outside the lysosome

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 14

A protein contains an ER-signal sequence at its N-terminus. What is the most likely fate of this protein?

Accepted Answer

It will be directed to the rough ER for further processing.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of karyopherins in nuclear transport?

Accepted Answer

They act as cargo carriers, transporting proteins with NLS or NES across the nuclear pore complex.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of a Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP) recognized by the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Flagellin protein in bacterial flagella

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase in peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

$2H_2O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for delivery to their final destinations.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about vacuoles in plant cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

They store water, pigments, and defensive chemicals.

Question 20

A researcher adds a nuclear localization signal (NLS) to a cytoplasmic enzyme. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme will be transported into the nucleus.

Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes for General Biology

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