Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why mitochondria have highly folded inner membranes (cristae)?

Accepted Answer

To maximize the surface area for chemical reactions, increasing ATP production

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new unicellular organism with circular DNA, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall made of peptidoglycan. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Finishes, sorts, and ships proteins and lipids received from the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Burst due to water entering the cell

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the calculation for the surface area to volume ratio of a spherical cell with radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{4\pi r^2$}{\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a unique feature of plant cells that helps maintain turgor pressure?

Accepted Answer

Large central vacuole

Question 7

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which organelles are believed to have originated from free-living prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They assemble amino acids into proteins during translation

Question 9

A mutation prevents the formation of aquaporins in a cell membrane. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis of water

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is selectively permeable due to its amphipathic phospholipid bilayer

Question 11

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 12

A cell is observed to have a cell wall made of chitin, membrane-bound organelles, and no chloroplasts. This cell is most likely from:

Accepted Answer

A fungus

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Small cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, allowing efficient exchange of materials

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents water potential ($$\Psi) in $$plant cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\Psi = \Psi_s + \Psi_p$$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digesting old cell parts and pathogens

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of bulk transport in cells?

Accepted Answer

White blood cells engulfing bacteria by phagocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following statements about cell theory is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Cells can arise spontaneously from non-living matter

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why plant cells become flaccid when placed in a hypertonic solution?

Accepted Answer

Water leaves the cell, causing the plasma membrane to pull away from the cell wall

Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes for General Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards