Question 1

Which of the following best describes a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their genetic material enclosed within a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with the following characteristics: a plasma membrane, ribosomes, DNA in a nucleoid region, and no membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 4

Which of the following structures is present in all eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 5

A mutation causes a eukaryotic cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will accumulate undigested macromolecules, leading to cellular damage.

Question 6

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

A cell is observed to have a large number of mitochondria. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of ions

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions.

Question 9

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and the plasma membrane will pull away from the cell wall (plasmolysis).

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Organizing structures and activities in the cell

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered to have evolved from prokaryotic ancestors?

Accepted Answer

They both contain their own DNA and ribosomes, similar to prokaryotes.

Question 12

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the function of their peroxisomes. Which of the following cellular processes is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is selectively permeable, allowing some substances to cross more easily than others.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of the cell.

Question 15

A cell is unable to produce enough ATP for its needs. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 16

Which of the following is a unique feature of plant cells compared to animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a cell wall composed of cellulose

Question 17

A researcher discovers a new single-celled organism with a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. To which group does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Protists

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the surface area-to-volume ratio is important for cell function?

Accepted Answer

A higher surface area-to-volume ratio allows for more efficient exchange of materials across the cell membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins.

Question 20

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of microtubules and microfilaments. Which of the following is the most likely function of these structures?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in organizing the cell's structure and facilitating movement.

Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes for General Biology

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