Q: Which equation represents the calculation of membrane potential ($V_m$) using the Nernst equation for a single ion?

$V_m = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{out}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{in}}}$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, whereas prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell under a light microscope and notes the presence of mitochondria, a nucleus, and lysosomes. Which type of cell is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

A eukaryotic animal cell

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of which cellular component?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the cell membrane is described as 'selectively permeable'?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the passage of certain molecules while restricting others.

Question 6

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst due to water influx.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of osmotic pressure ($\Pi$) using van't Hoff's law?

Accepted Answer

$\Pi = iCRT$

Question 8

Which process requires energy input from the cell and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional aquaporins. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will have impaired water transport across its membrane.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump ($\mathrm{Na^+/K^+}$ ATPase) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It pumps sodium ions out and potassium ions into the cell using ATP.

Question 11

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion of macromolecules

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between passive and active transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport moves substances against the gradient using energy.

Question 14

Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 15

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. What type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural support and are involved in cell division and intracellular transport.

Question 17

Which process involves the engulfment of large particles or microorganisms by the cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 18

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to its volume?

Accepted Answer

It will decrease due to water efflux.

Question 19

Which equation represents the calculation of membrane potential ($V_m$) using the Nernst equation for a single ion?

Accepted Answer

$V_m = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{out}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{in}}}$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity by preventing extremes of rigidity and permeability.

Cell Structure and Membrane Function: Study Notes for General Biology

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