Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells possess a membrane-bound nucleus and specialized organelles, whereas prokaryotic cells lack these features.

Question 2

A protein destined for the lysosome must be tagged with which molecular zip code?

Accepted Answer

Mannose-6-phosphate

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 4

A scientist observes a cell with a cell wall, plasma membrane, nucleoid, and ribosomes, but no membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 5

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP is composed of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups.

Question 6

Consider the following reaction: $$A + B \rightarrow C + D. If $$the free energy of the products is lower than that of the reactants, which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is exergonic and spontaneous.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the process of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Energy$$

Question 8

During glycolysis, how many net ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 9

Which process allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen by regenerating NAD$$^+$$?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 10

In cellular respiration, which stage is responsible for creating the proton gradient used by ATP synthase?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Question 11

Which type of phosphorylation occurs during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 12

A cell is exposed to a competitive inhibitor. Which of the following best describes what happens?

Accepted Answer

The inhibitor binds to the enzyme's active site, preventing substrate binding.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of feedback inhibition?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme earlier in the pathway.

Question 14

Which equation represents the process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Light Energy \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 15

Where in the plant cell do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid membrane

Question 16

Which molecule is produced as a result of the Calvin Cycle?

Accepted Answer

Glucose (G3P)

Question 17

ATP synthase is found in which locations in a plant cell?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane

Question 18

A reaction has a negative $$\Delta G$$ and proceeds without energy input. Which term best describes this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy ($$E_a) $$required for the reaction.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a disorder affecting peroxisomes. Which cellular process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation reactions and breakdown of fatty acids

Cell Structure, Energy, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis: Study Guide (Chapters 7–10)

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