Question 1

Which of the following is NOT present in a prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 2

Examine the figure below. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis and shape transformation of lipids and proteins?

Accepted Answer

Structure B

Question 3

Which of the following powder lines best corresponds to an enzyme-catalyzed reaction with a shift in pH (with temperature constant)?

Accepted Answer

Graph C

Question 4

An experimenter alters the substrate concentration to observe the rate of an enzyme reaction. The rate increases and then plateaus. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

All enzyme active sites are occupied by substrate

Question 5

Which of the following statements best describes the redox nature of the following reaction?

$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Energy} $$

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized and $$ \mathrm{O_2$}  is $$reduced

Question 6

The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide using catalase is a classic fixed enzyme experiment. Which of the following would increase reaction rate?

Accepted Answer

Raising temperature and increasing enzyme concentration

Question 7

What is ATP Synthase? Its decrease in the mitochondria would affect which of the following the most?

Accepted Answer

ATP generation from ADP and inorganic phosphate

Question 8

A researcher is interested in metabolic energy gain (net) of substrate-level ATP and NADH from a full turn of the citric acid cycle. What is the total ATP yield (including NADH and FADH2 converted to ATP) per turn of the Kreb's cycle?

Accepted Answer

10 ATP

Question 9

During a fermentation reaction, how does the conversion of NADH and $$ \mathrm{CO_2$} $$ compare to the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol?

Accepted Answer

NADH is oxidized and $$ \mathrm{CO_2$}  is $$released

Question 10

Element X is introduced to the final reaction in the Kreb's Cycle. What do you expect to become most abundant as a result?

Accepted Answer

NADH and $$ \mathrm{CO_2$} $$

Question 11

The electron flow between which two points will yield the greatest amount of ATP in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

From NADH to oxygen

Question 12

The overall flow sequence that most closely follows the whole system of cellular respiration in eukaryotes is:

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $$ \rightarrow $$ Citric Acid Cycle $$ \rightarrow $$ Electron Transport Chain

Question 13

The net result of all electrons released from glucose metabolism and their movement into oxygen molecules will yield ATP. Which of the following is the correct equation for the maximum theoretical yield of ATP per glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 38ATP} $$

Question 14

Look at the following figure. The figure shows the energy changes during an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Which letter represents the activation energy for the reaction catalyzed by Enzyme X?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 15

A biochemist damages a gene that normally forms the enzyme phosphofructokinase. If glycolysis is blocked at this step, which molecule would accumulate at abnormally high levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucose-6-phosphate

Question 16

The shaded box indicates which step yields the greatest net ATP output. In comparison, the TCA (Kreb's) cycle:

Accepted Answer

Yields less net ATP than electron transport chain

Question 17

Which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 18

Use the figure below as a guide to answer: Which molecule is an input for Molecule X, and which arrow is output for Molecule Y?

Accepted Answer

Molecule Y: Arrow 1; Molecule X: Arrow 2

Cell Structure, Enzymes, and Cellular Respiration: Study Notes

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