Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells originated from prokaryotes through engulfment, as evidenced by their double membranes and own DNA.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a common component found in all cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 3

A protein’s secondary structure is primarily stabilized by which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 4

Which energy source pathway uses $CO_2$ as its carbon source and derives energy from light?

Accepted Answer

Photoautotrophy

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 6

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism with a cell wall containing peptidoglycan, no nucleus, and circular DNA. Which domain does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the primary structure of a protein is correct?

Accepted Answer

It refers to the sequence of amino acids determined by the gene (DNA sequence).

Question 8

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and resisting compression?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Lipid and protein transport and modification

Question 10

A mutation prevents the formation of nuclear localization signals in a protein. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein will be unable to pass through nuclear pores into the nucleus.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole; animal cells lack these features.

Question 12

Which motor protein moves cargo along microtubules toward the minus-end, such as from the plasma membrane to the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Dynein

Question 13

Which of the following macromolecules is NOT one of the four major types found in cells?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Question 14

Which process describes the regulated transport of molecules into and out of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear pore transport

Question 15

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in all cells.

Question 16

A bacterium is classified as a chemoheterotroph. What does this mean about its metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It uses organic molecules as both its energy and carbon source.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about plasmid DNA in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Plasmid DNA is small, circular, and can be transferred between bacteria.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

It is determined by the sequence of amino acids and stabilized by interactions such as hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide bridges.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the three domains of life is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya have membrane-bound nuclei, while Bacteria and Archaea do not.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the universal energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes by releasing a phosphate group, as shown in the equation $ATP ightarrow ADP + P_i + 	ext{energy}$.

Cell Structure, Function, and Diversity: General Biology Study Notes

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