Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

It is the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide, determined by the gene (DNA sequence).

Question 2

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism with no nucleus, unique membrane lipids, and no peptidoglycan in its cell wall. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and recycling of macromolecules such as lipids

Question 4

Which type of chemical bond is responsible for holding together the backbone atoms in the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 5

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 6

Which metabolic pathway uses light as an energy source and $CO_2$ as a carbon source?

Accepted Answer

Photoautotrophy

Question 7

What is the main function of microtubules in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape by resisting compression and serving as tracks for vesicle transport

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why larger cells have lower surface area to volume ratios?

Accepted Answer

Volume increases faster than surface area as cell size increases.

Question 9

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which organelle is thought to have originated from engulfed cyanobacteria?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT found in animal cells but is present in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 11

A protein is targeted to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) for synthesis. What feature directs this targeting?

Accepted Answer

A signal sequence in the protein

Question 12

Which of the following statements about Gram-negative bacteria is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Question 13

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for resisting tension and maintaining cell shape?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments (microfilaments)

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of a nonpolar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Atoms have no charge, such as in hydrogen and methane.

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 16

A mutation disrupts the function of dynein in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of vesicles along microtubules and cilia/flagella movement

Question 17

Which of the following is a similarity shared by all three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya)?

Accepted Answer

Presence of DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm

Question 18

Which process is described by the equation $ATP \rightarrow ADP + P_i$ and is essential for cellular energy release?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of ATP

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the role of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It allows for efficient use of limited space and specialization of functions within organelles.

Question 20

A cell is observed to have DNA storage, regulated transport via nuclear pores, and a double membrane. Which organelle is being described?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Cell Structure, Function, and Diversity: Study Notes for General Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards