$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus containing DNA, whereas prokaryotic cells have DNA in a nucleoid region without a membrane.

Question 2

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the overall chemical reaction for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP for cellular energy

Question 7

Which process allows water molecules to move across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder. Which cellular process is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration and ATP production

Question 9

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of oxygen across the cell membrane

Question 11

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular work?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy by transferring a phosphate group to other molecules.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of facilitated transport?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via a protein channel

Question 14

Which structure is responsible for genetic control of the cell and contains the cell's DNA?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 15

A muscle cell is deprived of oxygen and begins to produce lactic acid. Which process is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Release of insulin from pancreatic cells into the bloodstream

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why plant cells have both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy, while mitochondria convert chemical energy to ATP.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes digest and recycle cellular waste and foreign material.

Question 20

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water leaves by osmosis.

Cell Structure, Function, and Energy: Study Guide for General Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions