Q: During aerobic metabolism, mitochondria convert glucose into usable energy. Which equation best represents this process?

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{ATP}$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why mitochondria are considered evidence for the endosymbiont theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria contain free ribosomes and circular DNA, and are surrounded by a double membrane.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with the following features: a double membrane-bound organelle, circular DNA, and free ribosomes. Which organelle is most likely being described?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, while eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the cristae in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for metabolic reactions such as ATP synthesis.

Question 5

During aerobic metabolism, mitochondria convert glucose into usable energy. Which equation best represents this process?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{ATP}$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Energy production via ATP synthesis

Question 7

A patient is exposed to a toxin that specifically inhibits the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of drugs and poisons

Question 8

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins that are secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and distributes proteins and other materials.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of two lipid bilayers and regulates entry and exit of macromolecules.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events according to the endosymbiont theory for the origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes engulfed aerobic bacteria, which became mitochondria.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the inner membrane of mitochondria is highly folded into cristae?

Accepted Answer

To maximize the surface area for enzymes involved in ATP production.

Question 13

Which of the following is a shared feature between mitochondria and bacteria that supports the endosymbiont theory?

Accepted Answer

Presence of circular DNA

Question 14

A mutation prevents the formation of the rough ER in a cell. Which process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of secreted proteins

Question 15

Which of the following best describes phosphorylation in the context of cellular energy conversion?

Accepted Answer

Adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of poisons and synthesis of lipids

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by interacting with RNA.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

All eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria, but only some contain chloroplasts.

Question 19

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of rough ER and a prominent Golgi apparatus. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of large amounts of protein

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