Question 1

Which of the following best explains why muscle cells in athletes have a higher proportion of mitochondria compared to liver cells in non-athletes?

Accepted Answer

Muscle cells require more energy for contraction, so they need more mitochondria to produce ATP.

Question 2

A protein destined for the nucleus must have which of the following features to be imported through the nuclear pore complex?

Accepted Answer

A nuclear localization signal (NLS)

Question 3

During exocytosis, which of the following occurs as vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The cell surface area increases as new membrane is added.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a dynamic network that provides structural support and helps maintain cell shape.

Question 5

A scientist adds a nuclear localization signal (NLS) to a cytoplasmic protein. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The protein will be transported into the nucleus.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They form a watertight seal that prevents the flow of solutions between cells.

Question 7

What is the main difference between the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells and the cell wall of plant cells?

Accepted Answer

The ECM contains more protein and less carbohydrate than the plant cell wall.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events for a secreted protein in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis on rough ER → transport to Golgi → sorting → vesicle fusion with plasma membrane

Question 9

A mutation prevents the formation of desmosomes in skin cells. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Increased blistering due to loss of cell-cell adhesion

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why endocytosis decreases cell size?

Accepted Answer

It removes portions of the plasma membrane as vesicles are formed.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton that distinguishes it from the extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

It serves as tracks for vesicle transport within the cell.

Question 12

A researcher observes that a certain protein is found in the nucleus only when a specific amino acid sequence is present. This sequence is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A nuclear localization signal (NLS)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of cadherins in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They are linking proteins that mediate specific cell-cell adhesion in desmosomes.

Question 14

If a plant cell's plasmodesmata are blocked, which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell-to-cell communication via direct passage of signals

Question 15

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Free and bound ribosomes are structurally and functionally identical; their location depends on the protein being synthesized.

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a large number of vesicles fusing with its plasma membrane. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell's surface area will increase.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cytoskeleton are linked in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

The linkage helps anchor cells in place and allows them to respond to signals about their attachment.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of a disease that exploits endocytosis to enter cells?

Accepted Answer

Influenza (flu)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in protein sorting?

Accepted Answer

It uses localization signals to direct proteins to their correct destinations.

Question 20

A cell is unable to recycle nucleotides efficiently. Which process in the nucleus would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of RNA

Cell Structure, Function, and Interactions: Organelle Proportions, Endomembrane System, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Connections

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