Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size?

Accepted Answer

Because the surface area to volume ratio decreases as cell size increases, limiting efficient exchange of materials.

Question 2

A scientist wants to observe the detailed internal structure of mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell. Which microscope should they use?

Accepted Answer

A transmission electron microscope

Question 3

Which of the following organelles is responsible for packaging proteins and forming lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of membranes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids and proteins can move laterally within the membrane, giving it flexibility.

Question 5

Which of the following molecules would most likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?

Accepted Answer

CO$_2$

Question 6

A cell is placed in a solution with a lower concentration of solutes than the cell's cytoplasm. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Movement of organelles

Question 8

Which cell junction allows for the direct passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity across temperature changes.

Question 10

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 11

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by phagocytosis. Which organelle will digest the bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 12

Which of the following is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes have a nucleoid, whereas eukaryotes have a nucleus.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via a transport protein, without energy expenditure.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It exhibits specificity for a particular type of molecule.

Question 15

Which of the following cell components is composed of protein fibers that provide shape and organization to eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytoskeleton

Question 16

A plasma cell produces thousands of antibodies per second for release into the body. Which organelle would you expect to be very prominent within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are found in cell membranes and have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT found in a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

Which of the following molecules is most likely to require a transport protein to cross the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 20

Which of the following processes is responsible for the uptake of cholesterol from the blood into liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Cell Structure, Function, and Membrane Transport: General Biology Study Guide

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