Q: Which equation correctly represents the surface area to volume ratio for a spherical cell?

$$\text{Surface Area} = 4\pi r^2$;\ \text{Volume} = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$;\ \text{Ratio} = \frac{4\pi r^2$}{\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$} = \frac{3}{r}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size?

Accepted Answer

Because the surface area to volume ratio decreases as cell size increases, limiting efficient exchange of materials.

Question 2

A scientist wants to study the internal structure of mitochondria at very high resolution. Which microscope should they use?

Accepted Answer

A transmission electron microscope

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of membranes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids and proteins can move laterally within the membrane, giving it fluidity.

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins and forming lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

A cell is placed in a solution with a lower concentration of solutes than its cytoplasm. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell by osmosis, possibly causing it to swell.

Question 6

Which of the following molecules can most easily cross a pure phospholipid bilayer without the help of a protein?

Accepted Answer

CO\_2

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the surface area to volume ratio for a spherical cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Surface Area} = 4\pi r^2$;\ 	ext{Volume} = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$;\ 	ext{Ratio} = \frac{4\pi r^2$}{\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$} = \frac{3}{r}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Production of proteins for secretion

Question 9

A mutation causes a cell to lack lysosomes. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion of macromolecules

Question 10

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is true?

Accepted Answer

They have a nucleoid region instead of a nucleus.

Question 11

Which cell junction allows ions and small molecules to pass directly from one animal cell to another?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It helps maintain membrane fluidity at lower temperatures.

Question 13

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by phagocytosis. Which organelle will digest the bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Storage of food molecules

Question 15

Which process requires energy input from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 16

Which of the following is a major difference between integral and peripheral membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Integral proteins are embedded within the lipid bilayer, while peripheral proteins are attached to the membrane surface.

Question 17

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 18

A cell is observed to have a large number of free ribosomes. What is it likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of cytoplasmic proteins

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease, which results in the accumulation of undigested lipids in the brain. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Cell Structure, Function, and Membrane Transport: General Biology Study Guide

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