Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

Which scientist is NOT correctly matched with their contribution to the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur – discovered the nucleus in plant cells.

Question 3

Which of the following is a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells contain them.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the domains Archaea and Bacteria is correct?

Accepted Answer

Both Archaea and Bacteria lack a membrane-bound nucleus.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells contain a nucleus.

Question 7

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A plant cell

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the Fluid Mosaic Model is correct?

Accepted Answer

The plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded throughout, allowing lateral movement.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why oxygen can diffuse rapidly across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is a small, nonpolar molecule that can pass through the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer.

Question 11

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Water will enter the cell, causing it to swell and possibly lyse.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of active transport?

Accepted Answer

The sodium-potassium pump moving $\mathrm{Na^+}$ out of and $\mathrm{K^+}$ into the cell against their concentration gradients.

Question 13

Which of the following best distinguishes facilitated diffusion from simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires membrane proteins, while simple diffusion does not.

Question 14

Which of the following is a property of carrier proteins but NOT channel proteins?

Accepted Answer

They undergo a conformational change to transport molecules across the membrane.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between symporters and antiporters?

Accepted Answer

Symporters move two substances in the same direction, while antiporters move them in opposite directions.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key difference between phagocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves specific binding of molecules to receptors, while phagocytosis engulfs large particles non-specifically.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered to have originated via endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own circular DNA and double membranes, similar to prokaryotes.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA during cell division.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between osmosis and diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, while diffusion is the movement of any substance from high to low concentration.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the types of cytoskeletal filaments?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules are involved in chromosome movement during cell division.

Cell Structure, Function, and Membrane Transport: Study Guide for Exam 2 (Chapters 4-5)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards