Q: Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a membrane, whereas prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus.

Question 2

A plant cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell. Which term best describes the solution relative to the cell, and what is the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic; water moves into the cell.

Question 3

Which of the following is a key difference between active and passive transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy input, while passive transport does not.

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of ATP during cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a 0.9% NaCl solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will remain the same size because the solution is isotonic.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered biological catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy, increasing the rate of reactions.

Question 7

During photosynthesis, which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the light-dependent reactions?

Accepted Answer

NADP$$^{+}$$

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 9

Which process is responsible for the bulk movement of large particles into a cell, such as the uptake of bacteria by white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondria is correct?

Accepted Answer

The ETC creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the main difference between C3 and C4 plants?

Accepted Answer

C3 plants fix carbon dioxide into a three-carbon compound, while C4 plants initially fix carbon into a four-carbon compound.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a coupled reaction in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and $$\mathrm{P}_i$$ drives the active transport of ions across a membrane.

Question 13

Which property of the cell membrane allows it to regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Its selective permeability

Question 14

A mutation causes a plant to lack functional aquaporins. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion of water

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is essential for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A product of a metabolic pathway binds to an enzyme early in the pathway, decreasing its activity.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of NADH in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NADH acts as an electron carrier, donating electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose entering a muscle cell through a GLUT transporter protein.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to convert $$\mathrm{CO}_2$$ into glucose.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder that impairs the function of the electron transport chain. Which symptom would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Decreased ATP production in muscle cells

Cell Structure, Membrane Function, and Energy Processes: Study Guide for General Biology

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