Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell, acting as a selectively permeable barrier.

Question 2

Which component of the fluid mosaic model is primarily responsible for the hydrophobic barrier of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 3

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell. Which type of solution is the cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 4

Which of the following processes requires energy input from the cell and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 6

During photosynthesis, which equation correctly represents the overall chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of ribosomes

Question 8

Which type of membrane protein is directly involved in moving ions across the membrane via facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Carrier proteins

Question 9

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypertonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will shrink due to water loss.

Question 10

Which structure in the chloroplast is the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid membrane

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the rapid diffusion of water across the membrane.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP and NADPH to fix carbon dioxide into glucose.

Question 13

Which equation represents aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + energy$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the cell membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a dynamic arrangement of phospholipids and proteins that move laterally within the layer.

Question 15

Which process is responsible for the uptake of large particles, such as bacteria, by a cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 16

Which of the following is true about passive transport?

Accepted Answer

It moves substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 17

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 18

During glycolysis, what are the net products generated from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of receptor proteins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Binding to signaling molecules and initiating cellular responses

Question 20

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Cell Structure, Membrane Function, and Photosynthesis: General Biology Study Notes

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