Question 1

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which type of solution was the cell placed in, and what is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; cytolysis

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration and is believed to have originated from an ancestral prokaryote?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and what is this process called?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and become flaccid; plasmolysis

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic bilayer of phospholipids with proteins and other molecules embedded throughout

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome subunit assembly

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why plant cells do not undergo cytolysis as easily as animal cells when placed in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that prevents excessive expansion

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the amphipathic nature of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The head is hydrophilic and the tail is hydrophobic

Question 9

A scientist measures the water potential ($$\Psi) of a $$plant cell and finds it to be $$-0.7$$ MPa. The surrounding solution has a water potential of $$-0.3$$ MPa. In which direction will water move?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration, osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 12

Which of the following intercellular junctions is unique to plant cells and allows for the direct passage of materials between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 13

A cell uses energy to move sodium ions against their concentration gradient. Which type of transport is this, and which molecule is most likely providing the energy?

Accepted Answer

Active transport; ATP

Question 14

Which of the following is a structure found only in animal cells and not in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Allows some substances to pass while blocking others

Question 16

A plant cell is turgid. What does this indicate about the relative water potential ($$\Psi) of $$the cell and its environment?

Accepted Answer

The cell's water potential is lower than the environment

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the hydrophobic region of the plasma membrane is located in the interior of the bilayer?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic regions avoid water, so they orient away from the aqueous environment

Question 18

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells do not

Question 19

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell's volume over time?

Accepted Answer

It will remain the same

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the tripartite nature of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It consists of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates

Cell Structure, Membrane Function, and Transport Mechanisms: AP Biology Chapters 6 & 7 Study Guide

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