Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a membrane, whereas prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus.

Question 2

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which organelle is believed to have originated from a symbiotic relationship between primitive eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the surface area to volume ratio for a spherical cell?

Accepted Answer

$\frac{4\pi r^2}{\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3}$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy production in plant cells, and what is the main process it carries out?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast; photosynthesis

Question 6

What is the main difference between cilia and flagella in terms of their function in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cilia move substances across the cell surface, while flagella are primarily used for cell locomotion.

Question 7

Which component of the fluid mosaic model is responsible for the selective permeability of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 8

A cell membrane contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid tails

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why proteins embedded in the cell membrane can move laterally but rarely flip-flop between layers?

Accepted Answer

The energetic barrier of moving hydrophilic regions through the hydrophobic core prevents flip-flop.

Question 10

Which type of membrane protein is most likely to function as a channel for ions to pass through the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Integral membrane protein

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of passive transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of oxygen from high to low concentration

Question 12

Which equation best represents the calculation of water potential ($\Psi$) in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

$\Psi = \Psi_s + \Psi_p$

Question 13

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.

Question 15

Which process requires energy input from the cell to move substances across the membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose entering muscle cells via GLUT transporters

Question 17

Which statement about carrier proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carrier proteins change shape to move molecules across the membrane.

Question 18

A plant cell in a hypertonic environment will most likely:

Accepted Answer

Lose water and undergo plasmolysis.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It increases membrane fluidity at low temperatures and decreases it at high temperatures.

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding selective permeability of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

The membrane allows some substances to pass while blocking others based on size, charge, and polarity.

Cell Structure, Membrane Function, and Transport Mechanisms: Study Notes

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