Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

They both have circular DNA and 70s ribosomes, similar to prokaryotic cells.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with the following characteristics: presence of a nucleus, large central vacuole, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It folds and modifies newly synthesized proteins, often adding short sugar chains.

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink because water leaves the cell.

Question 5

Which of the following molecules can most easily diffuse across a biological membrane without the aid of a transport protein?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 6

Which process is responsible for the uptake of cholesterol into animal cells via specific receptor proteins?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 7

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by wrapping its membrane around it and forming a vesicle. Which process is being described?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular activities?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular work by transferring a phosphate group to other molecules.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, speeding up reactions without being altered.

Question 10

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which term best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Processing and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why plant cells become turgid in hypotonic solutions?

Accepted Answer

Water enters the cell, filling the central vacuole and increasing turgor pressure.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to transport 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions in.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway acts as an inhibitor to an enzyme early in the pathway.

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of the fluid mosaic model of biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Membranes are semi-fluid, with proteins and lipids able to move laterally.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why enzymes from thermophilic bacteria can function in hot springs where most other enzymes would denature?

Accepted Answer

Their enzymes have evolved to have high optimal temperatures.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water molecules from high to low concentration of free water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following cell junctions allows for the direct exchange of cytoplasmic materials between two animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 20

A scientist is studying a cell that lacks membrane-bound organelles, has circular DNA, and divides by binary fission. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Cell Structure, Membranes, and Energy: A Study Guide

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