Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides a network of structural proteins that reinforce, organize, and move cell structures.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a cell wall composed of chitin. This cell is most likely from which type of organism?

Accepted Answer

Fungus

Question 3

Which of the following is a direct consequence of a low surface area to volume ratio in a cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell's metabolism slows down due to inefficient exchange of substances.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the surface area of a sphere?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 4\pi r^2$

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrivel and lose water.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is composed of a dynamic arrangement of phospholipids, proteins, and other molecules that move laterally.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why plant cells do not have cholesterol in their membranes?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells adjust the proportion of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in their phospholipids to maintain membrane fluidity.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 9

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which term best describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in cellular transport?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the passive diffusion of water across the cell membrane.

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents water potential ($$\Psi) in $$plant cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\Psi = \Psi_s + \Psi_p$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world example of selective permeability in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

A neuron using sodium-potassium pumps to maintain ion gradients.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about active transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

It requires ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient.

Question 14

A plant cell is placed in a solution and its central vacuole loses water, causing the plasma membrane to pull away from the cell wall. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Plasmolysis

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why multicellular organisms are composed of many small cells rather than a few large ones?

Accepted Answer

Small cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, allowing efficient exchange of materials.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides an external support scaffold and helps cells adhere together.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from areas of low solute concentration to areas of high solute concentration.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of centrosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They organize microtubules, especially during mitosis.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of bulk transport in cells?

Accepted Answer

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium through phagocytosis.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the cell membrane is described as 'selectively permeable'?

Accepted Answer

It allows some molecules to pass while restricting others based on size, charge, and polarity.

Cell Structure, Membranes, and Transport: Study Notes for General Biology

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