Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells are able to compartmentalize their functions more efficiently than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles that separate incompatible chemical reactions.

Question 2

A scientist wants to observe the detailed internal structure of mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell. Which type of microscope should they use, and why?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope (TEM), because it can resolve fine details of internal organelle structure at the nanometer scale.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, facilitates cell movement, and organizes organelles within the cell.

Question 4

If the surface area of a cube-shaped cell increases by a factor of 9, by what factor does its volume increase?

Accepted Answer

$27$

Question 5

Which of the following structures is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 6

A patient is given an antibiotic that targets peptidoglycan synthesis. Which type of cell will be most affected by this treatment?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacterial cells

Question 7

Why are most cells small rather than large? Choose the best explanation.

Accepted Answer

Small cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which allows for more efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for export from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 9

A researcher wants to study the changes in the shape of a living white blood cell as it moves. Which type of microscope would be most appropriate for this observation?

Accepted Answer

Light microscope

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between the DNA of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic DNA is circular and found in the nucleoid region, while eukaryotic DNA is linear and found in the nucleus.

Question 11

A mutation causes a eukaryotic cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules and recycling of cellular components

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics that target bacterial ribosomes do not harm human cells?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial ribosomes are structurally different from eukaryotic ribosomes, allowing selective targeting.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 14

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)?

Accepted Answer

It is studded with ribosomes and is involved in the synthesis of proteins destined for secretion or for use in membranes.

Question 16

If a eukaryotic cell is missing its cytoskeletal filaments, which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose its shape and be unable to move or transport organelles effectively.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the surface area-to-volume ratio is important for cell function?

Accepted Answer

A higher surface area-to-volume ratio allows for more efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the differences between plant and animal cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a cell wall and large central vacuole, while animal cells do not.

Question 19

A scientist is using a fluorescence microscope to study a cell. Which of the following is a unique advantage of this technique?

Accepted Answer

It allows visualization of living cells in real time using specific fluorescent markers.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in all cells?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA.

Cell Structure, Microscopy, and Organization in General Biology

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